Help with Oracle 8i Outer Join

I have a table which stores five important facts about a user:
ID (number)
First Name
Last Name
Type
Change_Indicator

The system, for some reason, stores maiden names of the female people in this table as well except the type = ALMD.

So, if I wanted to get a persons maiden name I go:
SELECT Last_Name FROM person WHERE type = ALMD and ID = 1234

Every time a person changes his or her details (any part of the name, etc.) a new row is inserted into the table and the old rows have a change_indicator flag set to Y.

So, if I have changed my name before and I want to get my latest record, I do:
SELECT * FROM person WHERE change_indicator IS NULL and ID = 12345

As a side note, the change_indicator for a maiden name is set to (something) (or other words NOT NULL).

The query Im trying is to get all users and, if applicable, their maiden name.

Sounds like a perfect candidate for a self outer join, right?

Here is what I have:

SELECT
s.first_name,
s.last_name as married_name,
m.last_name as maiden_name
FROM
person s,
person m
WHERE
s.change_indicator is null
and s.id = m.id(+)
and m.type_code = 'ALMD'
and s.last_name != m.last_name

The last little s.last_name != m.last_name is because there can be duplicates (say if someone was once married and is now divorced their maiden name will match their last name, etc.).

Ok, theres something wrong with that query. Its not doing an outer join. Only women with maiden names are selected. Assuming the query is correct I think it has something to do with the way Oracle 8i handles the join parameters, but I cant find anything online to tell me what to look for.

Help? :)Once you start outer joining a table, all joins and conditions for that table must take into account that it may be returning NULLs for a non-match. So neither of these conditions will work as is for someone with no maiden name:

and m.type_code = 'ALMD'
and s.last_name != m.last_name

This should work:

and m.type_code (+) = 'ALMD' -- definitely
and s.last_name != m.last_name (+) -- maybe

Though I'm not sure about (+) with != (and haven't got Oracle to hand to test it). If that doesn't work you could change the last condition to:

and (m.last_name is null or s.last_name != m.last_name)|||Duh! *slaps forhead*

I totally forgot about that. When I get into work tomorrow I'll give it a try.

Thanks for the help! :)|||I'm also working on a client database in Oracle, with versioning and a "most recent" flag which is the same as your "change_indicator". And, I also had prior Transact/SQL background, where the outer join operator would not apply when checkging against a constant.

There is an interesting performance issue here. For most of the time, the queries would like to pick up the most recent version (or at least start from there ). It is tempting to have a composite index on ( ID, Change_indicator ). The question is: will Oracle include into the index a record which has a null Change_indicator ?

Upon reading the documentation again, it seems to me that an ordinary B-tree index excludes null columns only if _all_ columns are null. This is not the case, since ID will never be null. Would anyone like to comment on this ?

In my database, I've side-stepped the issue, by using Y and N for my "most_recent" flag, but never null. I feel it's safer, since I'm relying heavily on that index.|||You are correct: Oracle only excludes rows from index where ALL indexed columns are NULL. You can check this for yourself like this:

SQL> create table t (a number, b number);

Table created.

SQL> create index tx on t (a,b);

Index created.

SQL> insert into t values (1,1);

1 row created.

SQL> analyze table t compute statistics;

Table analyzed.

SQL> select index_name, num_rows from user_indexes where table_name='T';

INDEX_NAME NUM_ROWS
---------- ----
TX 1

SQL> insert into t values (2,null);

1 row created.

SQL> analyze table t compute statistics;

Table analyzed.

SQL> select index_name, num_rows from user_indexes where table_name='T';

INDEX_NAME NUM_ROWS
---------- ----
TX 2

SQL> insert into t values (null,3);

1 row created.

SQL> analyze table t compute statistics;

Table analyzed.

SQL> select index_name, num_rows from user_indexes where table_name='T';

INDEX_NAME NUM_ROWS
---------- ----
TX 3

SQL> insert into t values (null,null);

1 row created.

SQL> analyze table t compute statistics;

Table analyzed.

SQL> select index_name, num_rows from user_indexes where table_name='T';

INDEX_NAME NUM_ROWS
---------- ----
TX 3

As you can see, only the last insert of (NULL,NULL) did not get stored in the index.

BTW: andrewsc/andrewst - this could get confusing!|||>> andrewsc/andrewst - this could get confusing! <<

Thanks for pointing this out, it is an innocent coincidence.
It's not wise arguing with the moderator =:) .But then again, I'm using "andrewsc" for quite a while now, in all sorts of forums. E.g. http://www.oracle.com/forums/thread.jsp?forum=75&thread=54538&message=155898&q=#155898

For better clarity, I will add a signature.

BTW: who/why is sponsoring this forum ? Is there any commercial and/or community aspect to it ? I feel a vendor-neutral forum was long overdue in the Rdbms arena.

My best regards,

Andrew Schonberger
"andrewsc"
OTN member since Sep. 1998.|||This is a privately run forum. Paul, the admin, is an Oracle DBA. I'm a Sybase ASE DBA, and you'll find many other DBAs and such here. Luckily we're without sponsorship from vendors. ;)|||Originally posted by andrewsc
>> andrewsc/andrewst - this could get confusing! <<

Thanks for pointing this out, it is an innocent coincidence.
It's not wise arguing with the moderator =:) .But then again, I'm using "andrewsc" for quite a while now, in all sorts of forums. E.g. http://www.oracle.com/forums/thread.jsp?forum=75&thread=54538&message=155898&q=#155898

For better clarity, I will add a signature.

Hey, I just found it amusing! I wasn't suggesting you change it or anything. Mine actually stands for "Tony Andrews", but of course everybody thinks my first name is Andrew like you!

Help With Nested Query

I am having trouble with the following query.

Important Tables:
Product (table of products)
--ProductID
--ProductName

ProductCategories (Associates a Product with one or more categories)
--ProductID
--CategoryID

Category (table of categories that a product may fall under)
--CategoryID
--CategoryName

Information:

Basically I have a product that falls into two categories. Therefore there are two records in the ProcuctCategories Table. I am trying to create a query that will find all products that are in categories 1 & 2.

Attempted Solution:
SELECT * FROM Product
WHERE (ProductID IN (SELECT CategoryID FROM ProductCategories WHERE CategoryID =1))
AND
(ProductID IN (SELECT CategoryID FROM ProductCategories WHERE CategoryID =2))

This returned zero records though it should have returned the product that is in categories 1&2.

I would appreciate any help available.

Thank you,
-PatrickI am trying to create a query that will find all products that are in categories 1 & 2.do a regular many-to-many join, but use GROUP BY on the product, and HAVING to retain only those products which were in more than one category
select ProductName
from Category C
inner
join ProductCategories PC
on C.CategoryID = PC.CategoryID
inner
join Product P
on PC.ProductID = P.ProductID
where C.CategoryID in (1,2)
group
by ProductName
having count(*) > 1|||You are going to kick yourself, but the reason your query failed to return records is because you were trying to compare outer "ProductID"s to inner "CategoryID"s.

...WHERE (ProductID IN (SELECT CategoryID...???

You can rewrite your query more simply like this:

select Product.*
from Product
inner join ProductCategories Cat1 on Product.ProductID = Cat1.ProductID
inner join ProductCategories Cat2 on Product.ProductID = Cat2.ProductID
where Cat1.CategoryID = 1 and Cat2.CategoryID = 2

Use the DISTINCT keywork if the query returns multiple records.